![]() The strength of the Van der Waals forces depends on and shape of the alkane molecules.As a result, longer carbon chains form more Van der Waals interactions and have greater melting and boiling points. Longer carbon chains have larger surfaces area and hence can form more contact points than shorter carbon chains. The strength of the Van der Waals forces depends on the size and of the alkane molecules.This is because greater amounts of energy are required to break them apart. The stronger the Van der Waals forces between its molecules, the higher the melting and boiling points of an alkane.As C-C bonds are non-polar and C-H bonds are practically non-polar too, alkanes are non-polar molecules which can therefore only be attracted to each other by induced dipole-dipole interactions. Alkane molecules have weak Van der Waals forces between them.C-C carbon bonds can give rise to straight, branched or cyclic molecules so that an alkane with the same molecular formula can have different structural formula. As a result, carbon atoms in alkanes are surrounded by 4 pairs of bonding electrons which equally repel each other to form 109.5o bond angles. Carbon atoms in alkane molecules form sigma bonds with surrounding carbon and hydrogen atoms. Alkane molecules have a tetrahedral shape around carbon atoms.Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity Properties of Alkanes Shape Hydrocarbon – compounds which are made up of only Carbon and Hydrogen.Ĭycloalkane – a special type of alkane which is still saturated but has the general formula CnH2n, e.g. They have the maximum number of hydrogens for a given number of carbons. Saturated – compounds which contain only single bonds. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, because they have the maximum number of hydrogens for a given number of carbons. ![]() Alkanes - Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity (A-Level Chemistry) Alkanes: Properties and Reactivity The Alkanes Key TermsĪlkanes – a group of compounds which have the general formula CnH2n+2 e.g. ![]()
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